目标同向 合力育人——构建入党积极分子教育培养新机制     

LI Xue-shi WANG Yan-zheng 《无锡南洋学院学报》2007,(4)

高校如何构建入党积极分子教育培养的新机制,努力为他们健康成长创造一个和谐、宽松的育人环境。本文从"目标同向,合力育人"的视角探讨了"以党校为阵地,强化教育,全员育人,扬起‘龙头’效应;以支部为抓手,深化教育,全程育人,发挥‘火炉’效应;以班级为平台,全方位育人,凸显‘载体’效应,进行了有益探索。"实践证明,它对加强和改进入党积极分子教育培养,理顺关系,分清职责,上下互动,促进育人功能到位,实现对入党积极分子科学化、制度化、规范化管理有一定的推动作用。  相似文献   

Differential effects of norm-referenced and self-referenced feedback on performance expectancies,attributions, and motivation     

Wendy McColskey  Mark R. Leary 《Contemporary educational psychology》1985,10(3):275-284

When feedback is provided to students in a norm-referenced manner that compares the individual's performance to that of others, people who perform poorly tend to attribute their failures to lack of ability, expect to perform poorly in the future, and demonstrate decreased motivation on subsequent tasks. The present study examined the hypothesis that the deleterious effects of failure might be attenuated when failure is expressed in self-referenced terms—relative to the individual's known level of ability as assessed by other measures. In this study, subjects received feedback indicating that they did well or poorly on an anagram test, and this feedback was described as either norm-referenced (comparing the individual's performance to that of others) or as self-referenced (comparing performance to other measures of the individual's ability). As predicted, compared to norm-referenced failure, self referenced feedback resulted in higher expectancies regarding future performance and increased attributions to effort. Contrary to expectations, attributions to ability were not affected. The implications of the results for the structure of academic feedback are discussed.  相似文献   

科技编辑心理学初探     

刘克璋 《编辑学报》1989,(2)

科技编辑的作用取决于编辑质量,而编辑质量则决定于能否满足社会心理需求的编辑群体的心理品质和心理结构,以及影响编辑心理活动的社会因素。作者从各层次读者与作者的心理需求,编辑人员应有的心理品质,影响编辑心理活动的社会因素,编辑群体最佳心理结构,和按心理活动规律开展编辑工作的经验,对科技编辑心理作了探讨。  相似文献   

Attributions in a mastery instructional system: Is an emphasis on effort harmful?     

Mark Grabe 《Contemporary educational psychology》1985,10(2):113-126

Self-worth theorists have claimed that students of lower ability may reduce effort in likely failure situations to avoid the attribution of poor performance to their own incompetence. The likely success of mastery learning, an instructional technique stressing student persistence, has been questioned because of this phenomenon. Several studies which examined the hypothesized relationship between achievement, effort, and perceived ability within a mastery context were conducted. In none of the studies did it appear that students reduced effort because of the threat of failure or that expending effort led to lower estimates of ability. In fact, students expending effort rated their ability as having a more positive influence on performance than less persistent students. It is argued that mastery learning, like some achievement change programs, encourages students to attribute their performance to their level of effort.  相似文献   

Feedback complexity and corrective efficiency     

Raymond W. Kulhavy  Mary T. White  Bruce W. Topp  Ann L. Chan  James Adams 《Contemporary educational psychology》1985,10(3):285-291

College undergraduates read a 2400-word passage, responded to 16 multiple-choice questions, and received one of four types of feedback following their responses. Complexity of feedback was inversely related to both error correctability and criterion efficiency taken as a ratio of feedback study time to post-test corrects. The results were discussed in terms of depth of processing and instructional comprehension.  相似文献   

竞技体操运动员赛前心理归因及控制的研究综述     

谢旭东 《湖北体育科技》2007,26(4):423-424

通过对竞技体操运动员赛前心理压力成因进行研究,结果表明内因和外因双重因素的影响使他们在比赛中很难发挥自己的正常水平.对归因提出了几点具体控制方法与手段,供教练员和运动员借鉴.  相似文献   

Training in culture: the case of aikido education and meaning-making outcomes in Japan and the United States     

C. Jeffrey Dykhuizen   《Int J Intercult Relat》2000,24(6)

This study investigated whether a relationship existed between instructional style and points of emphasis in the training context of the martial art aikido and the perceptions which practitioners of aikido generated for aikido-related concepts. The findings were gathered within and compared across aikido training settings in two cultures — Japan and the United States. Analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data gathered for this investigation revealed several potent differences between the manner in which Japanese and American aikido practitioners represented their understandings of aikido-related concepts. Differences in the manner in which aikido practitioners in Japan and the United States represented their understandings of aikido reflected the teaching emphasis observed in the respective cultures. It was concluded that aikido instructors represented the values of their own culture in the context of aikido training, and thus served as important mediating forces influencing the meaning which practitioners generated for aikido. An additional finding revealed that in neither culture were participants able to accurately represent how practitioners in the “other” culture structured their understandings of aikido. It was reasoned that both cultural groups generated faulty perceptions of how the “other” group understood aikido because they utilized a similar pattern of projection, using their own meanings of aikido to represent the understandings of practitioners in the “other” cultural group.  相似文献   

Multivariate prediction of academic performance by Hong Kong University students     

David Y.F. Ho  John A. Spinks 《Contemporary educational psychology》1985,10(3):249-259

Verbal intelligence, English-language skills, personality, and attitude scales were used as predictors of academic performance in 230 male and female arts students at the University of Hong Kong. A series of bivariate, multiple, and canonical correlation analyses were performed. The results showed that verbal intelligence and attitudes, excepting study orientation, were not predictive of performance. English-language skills had the most predictive value, accounting for about 10% of the variance of performance measures. Personality variables failed to predict performance when composite criterion measures (GPAs) were used; however, they proved to be of predictive value when results of individual academic subjects were used as criterion measures. The study points to the importance of using noncomposite criterion measures in prediction and of considering the cultural context of achievement.  相似文献   

The role of stimulus salience in young children's ability to discriminate two-dimensional rotations: Reflections on a paradigm     

Rosemary A. Rosser  Sally Stevens Ensing  John Mazzeo 《Contemporary educational psychology》1985,10(2):95-103

Children's ability to discriminate reflections and rotations of visual stimuli was examined within the confines of a mental rotation task. It was hypothesized that success would be affected by both characteristics of the stimulus and by the subtlety of the discrimination required. Forty 3- to 4-year-old children were directed to mentally rotate a stimulus a given number of degrees and to discriminate the appearance of the rotated stimulus from among a set of alternatives. Four stimuli differing in the number of visual orientation cues were utilized across 24 trials. A significant effect was found for number of orientation cues, and data indicated the difficulty children experienced detecting reflections, a task which bears close resemblance to the yes/no option in prototypic rotation studies. Children were only successful with a limited range of stimuli when discrimination of a reflected foil was not required. Results are discussed in light of discrepant findings about children's kinetic imagery ability and the advisability of using this particular paradigm with young Children.  相似文献   

个体遗传因素和非遗传因素的体育影响     

钟厚永  郭华生 《湖北体育科技》2005,24(3):325-326

遗传因素和非遗传因素在运动员的成材过程中都起着非常重要的作用。文章阐述了遗传因素和非遗传因素对体育的影响,并就如何培养运动员非遗传因素的问题进行了探讨研究,提出了一些具体的方法和措施。  相似文献